Further publications by project partners

Brackmann, Maximilian; Blasse, Anja; Carvalho, Júlio G.; Corbett, Cindi R.; Invernizzi, Cédric; Jakob, Una; Kloth, Stefan; Lentzos, Filippa; Mergler, Ines; Wikström, Per

Assessing Readiness of International Investigations into Alleged Biological Weapons Use

Brackmann, Maximilian; Blasse, Anja; Carvalho, Júlio G.; Corbett, Cindi R.; Invernizzi, Cédric; Jakob, Una; Kloth, Stefan; Lentzos, Filippa; Mergler, Ines; Wikström, Per (2025), Assessing Readiness of International Investigations into Alleged Biological Weapons Use, in: Emerging Infectious Diseases 31: 7, July 2025.
DOI: 10.3201/eid3107.240841

Available here.
Alexander Kelle; Malcolm R. Dando

Behavioral arms control in the century of biology

Kelle, A., & Dando, M. R. (2025). Behavioral arms control in the century of biology. The Nonproliferation Review, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2025.2505828

Available here.
Una Jakob, Filippa Lentzos

Chemical, Biological and Health Security Threats, SIPRI Yearbook 2025

Jakob, Una (2025), Chemical Weapons and Security Threats, in: SIPRI Yearbook 2025, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 273-287.

Available here.
Una Jakob

Chemical Weapons Disarmament in Syria – a Door Opening?

Jakob, Una (2025): Chemical Weapons Disarmament in Syria – a Door Opening? PRIF Blog, March 14, 2025,

Available here.
Una Jakob; Stefan Kloth; Ines Mergler

Investigation of Alleged Use of Biological Weapons – Strengthening the UN Secretary-General’s Mechanism

Jakob, Una; Kloth, Stefan; Mergler, Ines (2024): Investigation of Alleged Use of Biological Weapons – Strengthening the UN Secretary-General’s Mechanism, PRIF Report 7/2024, Frankfurt/Main: PRIF

Available here.
Una Jakob, Filippa Lentzos

Chemical, Biological and Health Security Threats, SIPRI Yearbook 2024

Jakob, Una; Lentzos, Filippa 2024: Chemical, Biological and Health Security Threats, in: SIPRI Yearbook 2024, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 415-456.

Available here.
Almuntaser Albalawi; Kristoffer Burck

Chemical Weapons Investigation Mechanisms in Syria: Standards of Proof and Methods of Work

Albalawi, A., Burck, K. Chemical weapons investigation mechanisms in Syria: standards of proof and methods of work. Z Friedens und Konflforsch (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42597-024-00125-2

Available here.
Barry de Vries

The Biological Weapons Amendment to the ICC Statute and National Provisions: Mutually Reinforcing Evidence for Customary Criminalization?

Barry de Vries, The Biological Weapons Amendment to the ICC Statute and National Provisions: Mutually Reinforcing Evidence for Customary Criminalization?, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2024;, mqae033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqae033

Available here.
Barry de Vries

Biological and chemical weapons legislation in the EU: A need for harmonization?

de Vries, B. (2024). Biological and chemical weapons legislation in the EU: A need for harmonization? New Journal of European Criminal Law, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/20322844241274165

Available here.
Barry de Vries

Prohibiting the Use of Biological Weapons: Diverging National Measures, a Comparative Analysis

Barry de Vries, Prohibiting the use of biological weapons: diverging national measures, a comparative analysis, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2024;, krae008, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krae008

Available here.
Una Jakob, Felicitas Kraemer, Florian Kraus, Thomas Lengauer

Applying Ethics in the Handling of Dual Use Research: The Case of Germany

Jakob, U., Kraemer, F., Kraus, F., & Lengauer, T. (2024). Applying Ethics in the Handling of Dual Use Research: The Case of Germany. Research Ethics, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161241261044

Available here.
Ralf Trapp

Convergence of Science and Technology

Trapp, R. (2024). Convergence of Science and Technology. Essentials of Biological Security: A Global Perspective, 95-106.

Available here.
Kathryn Nixdorff

The Problem of Dual Use in the Twenty‐first Century

Nixdorff, K. (2024). The Problem of Dual Use in the Twenty‐first Century. Essentials of Biological Security: A Global Perspective, 69-81.

Available here.
Alexander Ghionis, Alexander Kelle

The Chemical Weapons Convention after its Fifth Review Conference: Key Issues for the European Union

The Chemical Weapons Convention After Its Fifth Review Conference: Key Issues For The European Union, Alexander Ghionis and Alexander Kelle, EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Papers, no. 87, February 2024

Available here.
Kristoffer Burck

The French Arrest Warrant for Assad – Breaking New Ground in the Prosecution of Chemical Weapons Use?

Burck, Kristoffer: The French Arrest Warrant for Assad – Breaking New Ground in the Prosecution of Chemical Weapons Use?, PRIF Blog

Available here.
Dunja Manal Sabra, Anna Krin, Ana Belén Romeral, Johannes Ludwig Frieß, Gunnar Jeremias

Anthrax Revisited: How Assessing the Unpredictable Can Improve Biosecurity

D. Sabra, A. Krin, A. B. Romeral, et al., Anthrax revisited: how assessing the unpredictable can improve biosecurity, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., Sec. Biosafety and Biosecurity, 11:1-21, 2023.

Available here.
Filippa Lentzos, Una Jakob

Chemical, Biological and Health Security Threats, SIPRI Yearbook 2023

Lentzos, Filippa; Jakob, Una (2023): Chemical, Biological and Health Security Threats, in: SIPRI Yearbook 2023, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 391-433 (i.E./forthcoming)

Available here.
Almuntaser Albalawi; Kristoffer Burck

The Pursuit of Consensus

Albalawi, Almuntaser / Burck, Kristoffer (2023): The Pursuit of Consensus. The Fifth Chemical Weapons Convention Review Conference, PRIF Spotlight 8/2023, Frankfurt/M, DOI: 10.48809/prifspot0823

Available here.
Alexander Kelle

The CWC at 25: from verification of chemical-weapons destruction to attribution of their use

Kelle, Alexander (2023): The CWC at 25: from verification of chemical-weapons destruction to attribution of their use, The Nonproliferation Review, 17.04.2023.

Available here.
Almuntaser Albalawi

Why a WMD-free zone in the Middle East is more needed than ever

Albalawi, Alumtaser (2023): Why a WMD-free zone in the Middle East is more needed than ever, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 10.04.2023.

Available here.
Kristoffer Burck

Muddying the Waters: Official Russian Disinformation on Chemical and Biologial Weapons

Burck, Kristoffer (2023): Muddying the Waters: Official Russian Disinformation on Chemical and Biologial Weapons, PRIF Blog, 6.03.2023.

Available here.
Una Jakob

The 9th Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention

Jakob, Una (2023): The 9th Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention , PRIF Blog, 7.2.2023.

Available here.
Alexander Ghionis, Alexander Kelle, María Garzón Maceda

Preparing for Success at the Fifth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention: a guide to the issues

UNIDIR, Geneva, 2023, https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/23/CWC/01

Available here.
Eric P. J. Myjer, Thilo Marauhn (eds.)

Research Handbook on International Arms Control Law

Myjer, Eric P.J./Marauhn, Thilo (eds), (2022): Research Handbook on International Arms Control Law, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, DOI: 10.4337/9781788111904
Una Jakob

The Biological Weapons Convention

In: Myjer, Eric P.J./Marauhn, Thilo (eds), (2022): Research Handbook on International Arms Control Law, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, DOI: 10.4337/9781788111904
Ralf Trapp

The Chemical Weapons Convention

In: Myjer, Eric P.J./Marauhn, Thilo (eds), (2022): Research Handbook on International Arms Control Law, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, DOI: 10.4337/9781788111904
Alexander Kelle, Jonathan E. Forman

Verifying the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in a Digitalized World

In: Reinhold, T., Schörnig, N. (eds) Armament, Arms Control and Artificial Intelligence. Studies in Peace and Security. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11043-6_6

More information here.
Alexander Kelle

Adding Novichok Nerve Agents to the CWC Annex on Chemicals: A technical fix and its implications for the chemical weapons prohibition regime

UNIDIR 2022, WMD Compliance Enforcement Series Paper Thirteen

Available here.
Alexander Kelle

Zwischen Abrüstungserfolgen und Giftgasanschlägen

in Vereinte Nationen, Jg.70, Heft 2/2022, S.77-82, DOI: 10.35998/VN-2022-0010
Elisabeth Hoffberger-Pippan

Methodologie zur Feststellung des Bestehens von humanitärem Völkergewohnheitsrecht: Gang einer Untersuchung am Beispiel chemischer Waffen

Hoffberger-Pippan, Elisabeth (2021): Methodologie zur Feststellung des Bestehens von humanitärem Völkergewohnheitsrecht: Gang einer Untersuchung am Beispiel chemischer Waffen, in: August Reinisch und Astrid Reisinger-Coracini (Hg.), Zurück zu den Quellen des Völkerrechts, Beiträge zum 44. Österreichischen Völkerrechtstag 2019, (Bd. 28), Berlin: Peter Lang, 165-188.
Ralf Trapp, Cheng Tang

Enhancing the Management and Enforcement of Compliance in the Regime Prohibiting Chemical Weapons

UNIDIR WMD Compliance Enforcement Series Paper No. 12 (2022)

More information here.
Alexander Kelle, Oliver Meier

The Navalny poisoning: Moscow evades accountability and mocks the Chemical Weapons Convention

In: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 19, 2021
Available here.
Alexandra Rimpler-Schmid, Ralf Trapp, Sarah Leonard, Christian Kaunert, Yves Dbucq, Claude Lefebvre, Hanna Mohn

EU preparedness and responses to Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) threats

Study requested by the SEDE Committee of the European Parliament, Brussels 2021

Available here.
Carmen Wunderlich, Harald Müller, Una Jakob

WMD Compliance and Enforcement in a Changing Global Context

UNIDIR, May 2021
Available here.
Alexander Kelle

Chemiewaffeneinsätze aufklären und ahnden – Syrien als Testfall für das Weltrechtsprinzip?

Policy Brief 3/2021. Hamburg: IFSH

More information here.
Kathryn Nixdorff

Developments in Systems Biology: Implications for Health and Biochemical Security

The Nonproliferation Review, 2021
Available here.
Crister Åstot, Augustin Bauli, Veronica Borrett, John Borrie, Christophe Curty, Brigitte G. Dorner, Jonathon Forman, Carlos Fraga, David Gonzalez, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Robert Mikulak, Daan Noort, Syed K. Raza, James Revill et al.

Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations

UNIDIR, 2020

Available here.
Una Jakob

Die Covid-19-Pandemie: Schlaglicht auf das Spannungsfeld von Biowaffenkontrolle, Biosicherheit und globaler Gesundheit

In: Zeitschrift Friedens- und Konfliktforschung 9, 337–349 (2020)

More information here.
Johannes L. Frieß, Bernd Giese, Anna Rößing, Gunnar Jeremias

Towards a Prospective Assessment of the Power and Impact of Novel Invasive Environmental Biotechnologies

S&F Sicherheit und Frieden, Bd. 38, Nr. 1, Juli 2020, S. 29–35

More information here.
Una Jakob

Fortschritt mit Nebenwirkungen: Neue Untersuchungsergebnisse zu Chemiewaffeneinsätzen in Syrien

PRIF-Spotlights 4/2020
Una Becker-Jakob

Countering the Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria: Options for supporting international norms and institutions

Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Papers, No. 63, June 2019, EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium
Gunnar Jeremias, Helge Martin

Bio-Hazard Disaster Risk Governance through Multi-Agency Cooperation

United Nation Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019

More information here.
Kathryn Nixdorff, Borisova, T., Komisarenko, S., Dando, M.

Dual Use Nano-Neurotechnology. An Assessment of the Implications of Trends in Science and Technology

In: Politics and the Life Sciences 37: 2, 2018, 180-202

More information here.
Kathryn Nixdorff

Advances in the targeted delivery of biochemical agents

in M. Crowley, M.R. Dando and L. Shang (eds.), Preventing Chemical Weapons: Arms Control and Disarmament as the Sciences Converge, London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018, 259-292

More information here.
Oliver Meier

Chemical Weapons Attacks: The End of Anonymity. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to Identify Perpetrators.

Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin (SWP Comments, 32), 2018
Thilo Marauhn

Chemical Weapons and Warfare

in: Frauke Lachenmann and Rüdiger Wolfrum (Eds) The Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of Force. The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law., Oxford 2017, pp. 186-192
Thilo Marauhn

The Prohibition to Use Chemical Weapons

Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, 17 (2014), pp. 25-44 (published in 2016)
Thilo Marauhn

Article IX: Consultations, Cooperation, and Fact-Finding

in: The Chemical Weapons Convention. A Commentary. Edited by Walter Krutzsch, Eric Myjer, and Ralf Trapp, Oxford 2014, pp. 297-330
Alexander Kelle

Prohibiting Chemical and Biological Weapons: Multilateral Regimes and Their Evolution

Lynne Rienner, 2014

More information here.