The new working paper by Ralf Trapp explores the crucial role of industry in the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). The paper highlights how industry engagement has shaped CWC negotiations, compliance measures, and verification mechanisms. As discussions on strengthening the BWC advance, the paper underscores the need for greater industry involvement to address evolving security challenges while balancing regulatory and business interests.

Click here to read the full paper.